I discuss a number of novel tests of QCD, measurements which can illuminate fundamental features of hadron physics. These include the origin of the ``ridge" in proton-proton collisions; the production of the Higgs at high $x_F$; the role of digluon-initiated processes for quarkonium production; flavor-dependent anti-shadowing; the effect of nuclear shadowing on QCD sum rules; direct production of hadrons at high transverse momentum; leading-twist lensing corrections; and the breakdown of perturbative QCD factorization. I also review the ``Principle of Maximum Conformality" (PMC) which systematically sets the renormalization scale order-by-order in pQCD, independent of the choice of renormalization scheme, thus eliminating an unnecessary theoretical uncertainty. Show Partial Abstract